The Nobel Prize Inventor :
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish
chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He was the
inventor of dynamite. Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from
its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major
manufacturer of cannon and other armaments. Nobel held 350 different
patents, dynamite being the most famous. He used his fortune posthumously
to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after
him. His name also survives in modern-day companies such as Dynamit Nobel
and Akzo Nobel, which are descendants of the companies Nobel himself
established.
What is a Nobel Peace Prize ?
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish
industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with
the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, Literature. Since
1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who
have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the
abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion
of peace congresses."
Per Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel
Committee, a 5-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway.
Since 1990, the prize is awarded on December 10 in Oslo City Hall each year.
The prize was formerly awarded in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty
o f Law (1947–1989), the Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946) and the Parliament
(1901–1904).
Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has, for most of its history,
been the subject of controversies.
Who Deserve The Nobel Peace Prize ?
According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who "shall have done the most or the
best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and
promotion of peace congresses."
Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the
Norwegian Parliament.
Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained
chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace
prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace
activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category. Some
Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included
dynamite and ballistite, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war and the Irish
Republican Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s. Nobel was also
instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel company to an armaments company.
It is unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden
at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway
better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden. It also notes that
at the end of the 19th century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary
Union's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration
Prize Laureates :
The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded 93 times to 124 Nobel Laureates between 1901 and 2016, 100 individuals
and 24 organizations. Since International Committee of the Red Cross was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1917,
1944 and 1963, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize in 1954 and 1981, 100 individuals and 21 organizations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
2016 ???
2016 The European Union (EU)
2015 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee
and Tawakkol Karman
2015 Liu Xiaobo
2014 Barack H. Obama
2016 Martti Ahtisaari
2015 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al)
Gore Jr.
2016 Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
2015 International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
2004 Wangari Maathai
2003 Shirin Ebadi
2002 Jimmy Carter
2001 The United Nations ( U.N.) and Kofi
Annan
2000 Kim Dae Jung
1999 Doctors Without Borders (Médecins
Sans Frontières)
1998 John Hume and David Trimble
1997 International Campaign to Ban
Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and José
Ramos-Horta
1995 Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash
Conferences on Science and World
Affairs
1994 Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and
Yitzhak Rabin
1993 Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de
Klerk
1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi
1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
1989 The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso
1988 The United Nations Peace-keeping
Forces
1987 Oscar Arias Sánchez
1986 Elie Wiesel
1985 International Physicians for the
Prevention of Nuclear War
1984 Desmond Mpilo Tutu
1983 Lech Walesa
1982 Alva Myrdal and Alfonso García Robles
1981 Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979 Mother Teresa
1978 Mohammad Anwar Al-Sadat and
Menachem Begin
1977 Amnesty International
1976 Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan
1975 Andrei Sakharov
1974 Seán MacBride and Eisaku Sato
1973 Henry A. Kissinger and Le Duc Tho
1972 The prize money for 1972 was
transferred to the Main Fund.
1971 Willy Brandt
1970 Norman Ernest Borlaug
1969 The International Labour Organization
(ILO)
1968 René Cassin
1967 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1966 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1965 United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF)
1964 Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 The International Committee of the Red
Cross and The League of Red Cross
Societies
1962 Linus Carl Pauling
1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld
1960 Albert John Lutuli
1959 Philip John Noel-Baker
1958 Georges Pire
1957 Lester Bowles Pearson
1956 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1955 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1954 The Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
1953 George Catlett Marshall
1952 Albert Schweitzer
1951 Léon Jouhaux
1950 Ralph Bunche
1949 Baron John Boyd Orr of Brechin
1948 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1947 The Friends Service Council and The
American Friends Service Committee
(the Quakers)
1946 Emily Greene Balch and John Raleigh
Mott
1945 Cordel Hull
1944 The International Committee of the Red
Cross
1943 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1942 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1941 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1940 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1939 One-third of the prize money was
transferred to the Main Fund, and two-
thirds to the Nobel Institute's Special
Fund
1938 The Nansen International Office for
Refugees (Office international Nansen
pour les réfugiés
1937 Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert
Gascoyne Cecil) Cecil of Chelwood
1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935 Carl von Ossietzky
1934 Arthur Henderson
1933 Sir (Ralph) Norman Angell (Lane)
1932 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1931 Jane Addams and Nicholas Murray
Butler
1930 Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Söderblom
1929 Frank Billings Kellogg
1928 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1927 Ferdinand Edouard Buisson and Ludwig
Quidde
1926 Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann
1925 Sir (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain and
Charles Gates Dawes
1924 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1923 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund.
1922 Fridtjof Nansen
1921 Karl Hjalmar Branting and Christian
Lous Lange
1920 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
1919 Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1918 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1917 The International Committee of the Red
Cross (Comité International de la Croix-
Rouge)
1916 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1915 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1914 The prize money was allocated to the
Nobel Institute's Special Fund
1913 Henri La Fontaine
1912 Elihu Root
1911 Tobias Michael Carel Asser and Alfred
Hermann Fried
1910 The Permanent International Peace
Bureau (Bureau International Permanent
de la Paix)
1909 Auguste Marie François Beernaert
and Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet
d'Estournelles de Constant
1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson and Fredrik
Bajer
1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta and Louis
Renault
1906 Theodore Roosevelt
1905 Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von
Suttner
1904 Institut de Droit International (Institute
of International Law)
1903 Sir William Randal Cremer
1902 Elie Ducommun and Charles Albert
Gobat
1901 Henri Dunant and Frédéric Passy
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